UnicodeCharactercom
∰
U+2230 · VOLUME INTEGRAL

Volume Integral

  • CodepointU+2230
  • NameVOLUME INTEGRAL
  • Decimal8752
  • BlockMathematical Operators (U+2200–U+22FF)
  • Plane0 — Basic Multilingual Plane
  • ScriptCommon
  • CategorySm — Math Symbol
  • Unicode version1.1 (1993)
  • Bidi classON — Other Neutral
  • Combining class0
  • East Asian widthN — Neutral
  • MirroredYes

About this character

U+2230 (∰) is VOLUME INTEGRAL, a mathematical symbol in the Mathematical Operators block. Its script is Common: it is shared by many writing systems rather than belonging to one. It was added in Unicode 1.1 (1993).

It is a compatibility variant of U+222E ∮ + U+222E ∮ + U+222E ∮ (compatibility decomposition <compat>). NFC and NFD leave it alone, but NFKC and NFKD replace it with U+222E ∮ + U+222E ∮ + U+222E ∮. Search engines, identifier checks and username systems that apply NFKC will treat the two as the same text.

It is a mirrored character: in right-to-left text renderers draw its mirror image.

How to type ∰

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Encodings & escapes

UTF-8 encoder →
UTF-8E2 88 B03 bytes
UTF-1622301 code unit
UTF-32000022304 bytes
HTML named&Cconint;named character reference
HTML decimal&#8752;
HTML hex&#x2230;
CSS\2230in content: "…"
JavaScript\u2230
JSON\u2230
Python\u2230
Python\N{VOLUME INTEGRAL}by name
Java / C#\u2230
C / C++\u2230universal character name
Rust / Swift / PHP\u{2230}
Go\u2230
Ruby\u2230
Excel / Sheets=UNICHAR(8752)
URL-encoded%E2%88%B0percent-encoded UTF-8
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Normalization forms

Normalizer →
NFCunchanged
NFDunchanged
NFKCU+222E ∮ + U+222E ∮ + U+222E ∮
NFKDU+222E ∮ + U+222E ∮ + U+222E ∮
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Nearby in Mathematical Operators

All in block →
U+222A∪Union U+222B∫Integral U+222C∬Double Integral U+222D∭Triple Integral U+222E∮Contour Integral U+222F∯Surface Integral U+2231∱Clockwise Integral U+2232∲Clockwise Contour Integral U+2233∳Anticlockwise Contour Integral U+2234∴Therefore U+2235∵Because U+2236∶Ratio